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Asimetrías… De Luis Echeverría Álvarez a Andrés Manuel López Obrador

by RevistaGM5 -

Banqueta Dominical

El primero de diciembre de 1970 terminaba uno de los sexenios del México de la post revolución más complicados desde los tiempos del movimiento armado. Concluía el periodo de Gustavo Díaz Ordaz y asumía el poder Luis Echeverría Álvarez, un torvo burócrata, quién desde la oscuridad había entretejido los amarres necesarios para que el “gran elector” lo señalara con su índice como el candidato del PRI a la presidencia de México.

 

Carlos Alberto Becerril
cbecerril@sicomunicacion.com

No obstante lo anterior, inexplicablemente la población veía al candidato Luis Echeverría como aíre fresco, y con él, la renovación de un sistema político, que a pesar de los logros económicos derivados del desarrollo estabilizador: una clase media que se extendía en las zonas urbanas de las ciudades de México, y un importante crecimiento económico derivado del proteccionismo industrial, no fueron lo suficientemente necesario, para que un movimiento global de corte generacional, gestado en el extranjero estallará en México con consecuencias que luego de medio siglo siguen teniendo eco.

El entonces secretario de Gobernación Luis Echeverría había logrado su nominación a base de una supuesta lealtad al presidente Díaz Ordaz, en momentos decisivos del movimiento estudiantil de 1968, cuando en realidad, él personalmente había orquestado, por medio de agentes e infiltrados en el movimiento estudiantil, la policía y el Ejercito el escenario necesario para una “solución final” y él cómo artífice, a los ojos del Presidente.
El gran golpe de Echeverría camino a la Silla Presidencial lo dio la tarde del 2 de octubre en la Plaza de las Tres Culturas en Tlatelolco. Un verdadero gambito, en que el diseño de un fuego cruzado entre fuerzas regulares y agentes paramilitares, con una treintena de muertos, lo convirtió en el presidente de México.

En efecto, las bajas de esa tarde no superaron las tres decenas de decesos, sin embargo, tanto al Consejo Nacional de Huelga, como para el propio gobierno, las especulativas cifras que se refirieron posteriormente, no fueron desmentidas por sirios o troyanos a propia conveniencia del momento y de sus intereses.

Como sea, con el apoyo del Presidente y las “fuerzas vivas” del partido, lo convirtieron en el nuevo presidente de México
La campaña del candidato Echeverría, bajo el lema de “Arriba y Adelante” no dejó de avanzar en la primavera – verano de 1970, no sin dejar de eludir fuertes escollos, entre ellos, la decisión del presidente Díaz Ordaz de retirar la candidatura a Echeverría Álvarez al ser enterado de la acción de Echeverría en Tlatelolco, sin embargo, la suerte ya estaba echada en favor de Luis Echeverría Álvarez.

La necesidad de renovar su imagen, hizo que Echeverría invocara a la apertura democrática, ante la tozudez política de su antecesor. Y, por otro lado, un sistema económico que empezó a ser caduco, ante una industria sobre protegida y un país mono exportador de petróleo, hizo que la inversión pública acentuara su tendencia respecto a la inversión privada; así como una política estatizante, en que el gobierno compraba lo mismo que una fábrica de bicicletas quebrada, o una productora de leche, condición que obligó, con el tiempo a traumáticos ajustes en la paridad cambiaria.

El gasto social se incrementó mediante la creación de fideicomisos, verdaderos pozos sin fondo y al mismo tiempo delineo una política económica que llamó “antiimperialista y progresista”. Estados Unidos, empezó a ver con recelo a su aliado del sur y comenzó a imponer embargos a productos esenciales para México. En tanto, Echeverría buscaba ansiosamente el reconocimiento de los entonces países socialistas, Cuba y Chile, así como la Unión Soviética y China.

No obstante, su supuesta condición progresista y apertura democrática y haber recibido a miles de refugiados políticos izquierdistas de Chile, Argentina, Brasil, e incluso España, en su política interior tuvo mano dura con los movimientos de izquierda nacionales, al desatar la “Guerra Sucia”, lo que finalmente motivo una ola de secuestros por grupos guerrilleros y desde luego, el nunca bien aclarado intento de secuestro y asesinato de Don Eugenio Garza Sada, formidable adversario político de Echeverría.

El final de gobierno de Echeverría antes que dejara a su secretario de Hacienda José López Portillo como su sucesor, de un déficit público de 2.5 por ciento en 1970, lo había llevado al 9.3 por ciento en 1976, prácticamente lo había cuadruplicado, Había logrado un crecimiento del PIB del 6 por ciento, pero con base en la expansión del déficit y por tanto de la deuda pública y una devaluación del 94 por ciento.

Pero lo que más afectaba al país económicamente era sin duda, la crisis de confianza con el sector privado, agudizado aún más por el caso Garza Sada, sumiendo el país en una grave crisis económica que marco a la nación incluso más allá de los años noventa.

Echeverría – Obrador

Hasta aquí… una historia que no ha sido lo suficientemente recordada, ante la llegada de un pragmático al poder.

Apenas un 15 por ciento de la población de México, tiene edad suficiente para tener elementos para recordar un gobierno que descarrilo el desarrollo de México y que atraso su reloj económico al menos tres décadas.

Hoy, las mismas frases repetidas hace 48 años, «apertura democrática», «desarrollo compartido», con la misma semántica de entonces, vuelven a resonar, pero pocos hay quienes recuerden el costo que estas categorías tuvieron. Del desarrollo estabilizador, al desarrollo compartido y de ahí a la crisis económica.

Luis Echeverría devaluó el peso 94 por ciento en seis años. López Obrador ha logrado el “deslizamiento”, (regresa el miedo a los términos) sin haber tomado el poder…

Cuando las asimetrías convergen…

RevistaGM5
Pagina libre al pensamiento
http://www.gm5.com.mx

129 thoughts on “Asimetrías… De Luis Echeverría Álvarez a Andrés Manuel López Obrador”

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