
Las acciones de las fuerzas armadas en un país democrático se rigen por una Constitución y las leyes secundarias que, basadas en esa Constitución, establecen sus funciones y límites.
Luis Pazos / Colaboración para Revista GM5
lpazos@prodigy.net.mx
No estoy de acuerdo que el ejército y la Marina se la pasen en sus cuarteles y solo salgan a desfilar el 16 de septiembre. La función de garantizar la “soberanía del país” y la “seguridad pública”, no significa que únicamente intervengan si hay un ataque del exterior por el ejército de otra nación, también deben combatir a cualquier grupo delincuencial interno que ponga en peligro la paz y la seguridad de los ciudadanos.
Las acciones de las fuerzas armadas en un país democrático se rigen por una Constitución y las leyes secundarias que, basadas en esa Constitución, establecen sus funciones y límites.
La Constitución señala concretamente las funciones del ejército y la Marina, y de cada una de las Secretarías de Estado.
La Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional y la Secretaría de Marina actúan constitucionalmente cuando apoyan a las policías a combatir la delincuencia organizada y desorganizada, que ponen en peligro la vida, las propiedades y la libertad de los ciudadanos, y actúan inconstitucionalmente cuando cualquier autoridad, incluido el Presidente, les pide realizar actos que van más allá de la seguridad de los ciudadanos, que es la concreción de la seguridad pública.
El Presidente les puede solicitar que vigilen las aduanas, pero es inconstitucional ordenarles que las administren, pues le corresponde a la Secretaria de Hacienda, según la ley. A la Marina se le puede pedir que vigilen las aguas nacionales y los puertos, pero no que los administren, lo que por ley le corresponde a la Secretaria de Comunicaciones y transportes. Pueden construir un aeropuerto militar, pero no es su función edificar uno civil. El ejército puede vigilar la ruta del tren Maya, pero no encargarse de su construcción, que corresponde a la Secretaria de Comunicaciones y Transportes o a los particulares.
Las fuerzas Armadas no son “mil usos” y no deben actuar a capricho de un Presidente o caudillo, como en las dictaduras, deben operar conforme a la ley. Las fuerzas armadas mexicanas son institucionales, no caudillistas.
El artículo 129 Constitucional deja claro que “En tiempo de paz, ninguna autoridad militar puede ejercer más funciones que las que tengan exacta conexión con la disciplina militar”.
Twitter: @luispazos1
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